Digital Twinning of an Electric Two-Wheeler for Real-Time Battery State Estimation and AR

Overview

Published at IEEE ICVTTS 2025. The paper presents a digital twin of an electric two-wheeler for real-time battery state estimation, with an augmented reality view of the data.

System

1. Sensing: an ESP32 collects battery voltage, current and temperature.
2. Telemetry: ThingSpeak logs the data and exposes it for analysis.
3. Estimation: battery state is estimated from the live data.
4. AR view: a Unity app shows a 3D twin of the vehicle with the live estimates.